LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES NURS 6051

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LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES NURS 6051

In chronic illness management, it is always advisable to ensure that patients are comfortable as much as possible. As health care providers try to achieve this objective, it is critical to ensure that cancer patients are closely monitored and are facilitated to inquire about a health issue at their convenience. Growing evidence shows that the widespread use of health information technology helps advance patient-centered care, and patient portals play a pivotal role in increasing patient engagement (Baldwin et al., 2016). As access to health information increase, patient portals also improve medication adherence (Dendere et al., 2019) and improve patients’ overall attitude towards health care (Irizarry et al., 2015; Groen et al., 2017). Research on the link between patient portals and outcomes is extensive and helps justify why patient portals have increasingly become an integral part of oncology care.

Aljabri, D., Dumitrascu, A., Burton, M. C., White, L., Khan, M., Xirasagar, S., … & Naessens, J. (2018). Patient portal adoption and use by hospitalized cancer patients: a retrospective study of its impact on adverse events, utilization, and patient satisfaction. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 18(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0644-4

This article is based on the premise that technology incorporation in health care provision increases due to its perceived benefits. Broadly, Aljabri et al. (2018) assess the connection between the use of patient portals and self-management and their predisposing and enabling determinants. They deduce that patients show encouraging results in satisfaction and self-management when they receive information via patient portals. Access to information is important in home, outpatient settings, and when patients are hospitalized. Through the various deductions made, Aljabri et al. (2018) show the areas of cancer care where patient portals benefit patients the most. They mention that, through patient portals, cancer patients can get accurate information during the hospital stay or any stage of care. This unlimited access to customized information about their status makes them more informed and ready to ask questions regarding their health status.

The overall deduction is that patient portals are useful for cancer patients at any level. For instance, as Aljabri et al. (2018) reveal, the portal technology allows inpatient to meet informational needs and improve their care during and after hospitalization. From a general perspective, patient portals provide care providers and cancer patients with a platform to facilitate awareness. However, it is important to expand portal functionality for better patient outcomes since it is not everyone conversant with technology.

Girault, A., Ferrua, M., Lalloué, B., Sicotte, C., Fourcade, A., Yatim, F., … & Minvielle, E. (2015). Internet-based technologies to improve cancer care coordination: Current use and attitudes among cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer, 51(4), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2014.12.001

This study is centered on the premise that many changes in health care at large alter cancer care delivery. Girault et al. (2015) argue that clinical advances based on technology have brought numerous cancer care changes, with outpatient care services increasing as inpatient care decreases. As an internet-based service, patient portals have been recognized as a significant leveler as far as improving cancer care coordination practices. Broadly, Girault et al. (2015) assess the current utilization of internet-based technologies (IBTs) among cancer patients while focusing on attitudes and other factors that influence their use.

As Girault et al. (2015) suggest, patient portals, as part of IBTs, have profound impacts on cancer patients’ illness management. They argue that many patients value IBTs’ use in health care since it enhances communication between patients and care providers. For instance, a patient can securely message a doctor through a patient portal, request prescription refills, and get information on discharge summaries. Based on the data and advice that they receive, the patient can promptly make decisions about their health. The prompt actions prevent a situation where the disease reaches severity levels without giving it the necessary attention. The greatest lesson from this article is that patient-provider communication is more effective when using IBTs and improves patient outcomes by enabling them to make health-related decisions promptly.

Irizarry, T., Shoemake, J., Nilsen, M. L., Czaja, S., Beach, S., & DeVito Dabbs, A. (2017). Patient portals as a tool for health care engagement: A mixed-method study of older adults with varying levels of health literacy and prior patient portal use. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(3), e99. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7099

Growing research reveals that the severity of a chronic illness usually increases with a patient’s age. Like cancer patients, older people experience many challenges, and this population segment requires more help. Irizarry et al. (2017) confirm that technology awareness is a real issue in the adoption of patient portals among older adults. Even if the necessary adaptations are made to the portal design, older people need a lot of help to access and use web-based information. If helped appropriately to the extent of even changing their attitudes, Irizarry et al. (2017) suggest that patient portals, as the primary access point for personal health information, help improve older people’s health care engagement. The increased engagement improves patient-provider coordination, which is important in enabling quick response to illness. Such practices improve self-management and reduce the overall cost of health care provision among vulnerable groups such as older people.

Although clinical systems such as patient portals improve patient outcomes, it is important to understand that different population segments face varying challenges depending on their vulnerability levels.  Irizarry et al. (2017) help to highlight the problem that older people face. As a result, the article helps show the importance of patient portals in improving self-management among cancer patients and highlighting the areas of concern that should be addressed to make the situation better.

Kruse, C. S., Argueta, D. A., Lopez, L., & Nair, A. (2015). Patient and provider attitudes toward the use of patient portals for the management of chronic disease: A systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(2), e40. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3703

This study starts by providing shocking details about the prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases such as stroke, diabetes, and coronary heart disease in the United States.  As a way of emphasizing the need for advanced care for cancer, Kruse et al. (2015) suggest that half of the United States population suffered from a chronic disease as of 2012. Due to the severity of the situation and possible risks in the future, patient portals play an instrumental role in improving patient self-management of chronic illnesses and help health care providers to improve the quality of overall care. As systems focusing on improving efficiency, Kruse et al. (2015) suggest that patient portals are associated with positive patient-provider communication and quick access to health care advice.

Despite their general acceptance in health care provision, Kruse et al. (2015) also highlight some concerns that limit patient portals’ effectiveness in managing patients with a chronic illness such as cancer. They note that security concerns and user-friendliness are the most prevalent negative concerns. Patients’ unfamiliarity with advanced technology is the genesis of negative perceptions. Cost issues deter care providers from implementing patient portals into their practice. Regarding that, it is important to note that the integration of patient portals in oncology care faces attitude problems that should be cleared before patients are advised to use the system.

Conclusion

In sum, the reviewed articles confirm that patient portals play an integral role in improving patient engagement and illness management in oncology care. Patients with cancer require close monitoring and timely response, and patient portals have helped care providers achieve this objective. As an access point to health data, patient portals help patients view a broad range of information that they cannot access without such technologies. They can view discharge summaries and remotely message a doctor as the situation prompts. Due to the close connection between a care provider and the patient and the possibility of timely response, the system facilitates engagement and gives patients advice that helps them focus more on self-care. Such outcomes are vital in oncology care, given that inattention can be fatal due to the severity of cancer as a chronic condition.

References

Aljabri, D., Dumitrascu, A., Burton, M. C., White, L., Khan, M., Xirasagar, S., … & Naessens, J. (2018). Patient portal adoption and use by hospitalized cancer patients: a retrospective study of its impact on adverse events, utilization, and patient satisfaction. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 18(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0644-4

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient portals facilitating engagement with inpatient electronic medical records: A systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(4), e12779. https://doi.org/10.2196/12779

Girault, A., Ferrua, M., Lalloué, B., Sicotte, C., Fourcade, A., Yatim, F., … & Minvielle, E. (2015). Internet-based technologies to improve cancer care coordination: Current use and attitudes among cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer, 51(4), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2014.12.001

Groen, W. G., Kuijpers, W., Oldenburg, H. S., Wouters, M. W., Aaronson, N. K., & van Harten, W. H. (2017). Supporting lung cancer patients with an interactive patient portal: Feasibility study. JMIR cancer, 3(2), e10. DOI: 10.2196/cancer.7443

Irizarry, T., DeVito Dabbs, A., & Curran, C. R. (2015). Patient portals and patient engagement: a state of the science review. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(6), e148. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4255

Irizarry, T., Shoemake, J., Nilsen, M. L., Czaja, S., Beach, S., & DeVito Dabbs, A. (2017). Patient portals as a tool for health care engagement: A mixed-method study of older adults with varying levels of health literacy and prior patient portal use. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(3), e99. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7099

Kruse, C. S., Argueta, D. A., Lopez, L., & Nair, A. (2015). Patient and provider attitudes toward the use of patient portals for the management of chronic disease: A systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(2), e40. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3703

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
• For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographiesLinks to an external site.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
• In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
• Use APA format and include a title page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

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