NRS-434 Summary of Current Course Content Knowledge

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Summary of Current Course Content Knowledge

Assessment Description

Academic engagement through active participation in instructional activities related to the course objectives is paramount to your success in this course and future courses.  Through interaction with your instructor and classmates, you will explore the course material and be provided with the best opportunity for objective and competency mastery.  To begin this class, review the course objectives for each Topic, and then answer the following questions as this will help guide your instructor for course instruction.

1. Which weekly objectives do you have prior knowledge of and to what extent?
2. Which weekly objectives do you have no prior knowledge of?
3. What course-related topics would you like to discuss with your instructor and classmates?  What questions or concerns do you have about this course?

Describe the effect of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and community. Consider short-term and long-term impacts, socioeconomic implications, the need for ongoing care, and comorbidities associated with prematurity. Explain how disparities relative to ethnic and cultural groups may contribute to low birth weight babies. Identify one support service within your community to assist with preterm infants and their families and explain how the service adequately addresses the needs of the community, or a population in your community. Provide the link to the resource in your post.

STANLEY

Introduction

Most extremely low birth weight infants are the youngest of premature newborns. They are usually born at 27 weeks gestational age or younger. Extremely low birth weight infants are born with less than 1,500g (James, Wood, Nair & Williams, 2018).

Effects of extremely low birth weight babies on family and community

It is estimated that about 40% of babies born with extremely low birth weight end up with different disease conditions. Examples of such disease are blindness in both eyes, hearing loss, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, chronic disease that requires special medications and frequent hospitalization. Birth of low-birth-weight babies has economic and emotional cost to the families. In addition, public sector services such as health insurance services, educational and social support system are strained because of giving birth to low-birth-weight babies.

Short-term and long-term impacts of low birth weight

The short-term impact is that babies of low birth weight require life support in the neonatal care unit due to high readmission risk. This is because the babies usually have immature brains and are in respiratory distress thus, needing ventilators. The long-term impacts of giving birth to low birth babies includes poor health and growth, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, visual and hearing impairment. Premature babies have exhibits learning difficulties, high risk of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, socioemotional and behavioral problems.

How disparity in ethnic and cultural groups contribute to low birth weight

At a great risk of premature and extremely low birth weights are infants of minority groups, the marginalized and the poor. Example of disparities among minority populations is native Americans and African Americans to non-Hispanic white births. Infants born of mothers of low socioeconomic rank like African American are more likely to be born prematurely.

Identify one support within your community to support preterm infants and families

Healthcare providers can carry out a developmental screening using evidence-based tools at 9, 18 and 30 months. In addition, a general screening should be done every month. Monitor the milestones closely in preterm babies. Focus should be on hypertonia, reflexes, abnormal movement, and posture.

Conclusion

Healthcare workers and the general public can be educated on the effect of preterm delivery and extremely low birth weight as public health issue.

References

James, E., Wood, C. L., Nair, H., & Williams, T. C. (2018). Preterm Birth and The Timing of Puberty: A Systematic Review. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-12.

THOMAS

Low birth weight babies, or babies weighing <2500g, already have many challenges awaiting them upon birth. There is a fair bit of research suggesting many long-term impacts such as ongoing care and follow-ups, comorbidities, and even some socioeconomic implications felt by the family and healthcare systems alike. According to Hack M, Schluchter M, Andreias L, Margevicius S, Taylor HG, Drotar D, & Cuttler L. (2011), “Researchers defined a “chronic health condition” as something that affected a child’s functioning or that required the use of special equipment or assistive services and included asthma and obesity. The researchers found that overall rates of chronic conditions were higher in ELBW children than among their NBW peers at age 14 years.” Though these findings may seem common among these age groups, understanding and identifying such findings early on allows healthcare providers the opportunity to treat/ manage these disparities prior to the disease progression.

It is stated, “Maternal exposures to environmental hazards may result in abortion, fetal death, low-birth weight, prematurity, or congenital anomalies” (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2013; Stotland et al., 2014). Some cultural and ethnic groups experience environmental pollutants or toxic factors that may impact birthweights. Pollutants in drinking water in undeveloped countries, poor air quality and pollutants in oven industrialized countries, or drugs/ alcohol/ smoke in developed nations play a roll in rates of ELBW babies. Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (n.d) states it perfectly, “Infants explore the environment using their five senses, resulting in them touching and tasting most everything. This method of exploration exposes them to whatever toxins are present, such as lead-laden paint chips or pesticide residue. As a result of environmental exposures, an infant may develop disorders in any body system, but most often in the respiratory (particularly asthma), gastrointestinal/biliary, and neurological systems.” This should warrant everyone to think a bit harder and look at what each and every one of us are doing to our environment every day! Mothers do not always know harms is being done to the baby’s development, so let us do our part to change the environment around them which is out of their control.

One resource that is great and always available to the public is Healthy People 2020. This resource is easy to access, and gives people a large amount of information on varying topics.

References:

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2013). Exposure to toxic environmental agents.

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 122(4), 931-935. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000435416.21944.54

Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from

https://www.pehsu.net/faq.html

Scientific article: Hack M, Schluchter M, Andreias L, Margevicius S, Taylor HG, Drotar D, & Cuttler L.

(2011). Change in prevalence of chronic conditions between childhood and adolescence among

extremely low-birth-weight children. JAMA, 306(4), 394-401. PubMedID: 21791688.